Parshat Mishpatim (Laws)

The Torah portion is Mishpatim, Exodus 21:1-24:18. In synagogues using the Triennial system, 5785 is year 3 and the Torah reading is Exodus 23:20-24:18.

Mishpatim means ordinances or rules, and this week's parshah begins to lay out the detailed rules that flow from the Ten "Commandments" that were laid out at the end of last week's reading. Many of these rules seem cruel to modern eyes, but they are far ahead of the Code of Hammurabi that they are often compared to, and many of them are the basis for modern civil law. Most famous is "an eye for an eye" (Ex. 21:24), which is often trivialized by saying "an eye for an eye leaves everyone blind," but the rabbis always understood that this did not mean taking out another person's eye, but only compensation of the value of the eye, rather than the up to 30-fold retribution that the Code of Hammurabi required when the victim outranked the perpetrator.

The haftarah is Jeremiah 34:8-34:22; 33:25-33:26. This reading mostly speaks of a mass freeing of slaves, connecting to the Torah portion which requires slaves to be freed after seven years of service (Ex 21:2).